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TICKS. MITES

There are more than 3,000 species of fleas in the world, but only a dozen of these are of medical and veterinary importance. The fleas are small, wingless insects (1-4mm long) which as adults feed on the blood of birds and mammals. It is this blood- sucking behaviour that accounts for their role as carriers of diseases and as nuisance. They are easily recognized because their body shape is flattened side way (laterally), usually brown in color and can readily jump. Many flea species are hose-specific i.e. they are only found on a particular type of animal and will migrate when necessary. The female is larger than the male can ingest more blood.

FLIES

Houseflies are commonly found in close association with human dwellings and are widely distributed in tropical countries. This species is always found everywhere that man exists and has adapted itself extremely well to man's environment. Flies can have a negative psychological impact because their presence is considered a sign of unhygienic conditions. They are transmitters of diseases primarily because they feed on human and animal wastes. The bactria present in these wastes, stick to their mouth, footpads and hairs of flies and may then be deposited on food or feed for human or animal consumption.

Mosquitoes

It can be stated, most confidently, that the mosquito is the bane of man's exitence when it comes to human and animal relations. No other creature has caused mankind so much annoyance, grief and disaster than this blood-feeding pest. The mosquito bnot only takes our blood in order to provided nutrients to make eggs, which is an annoyance resulting in minor pain and itching, but it can leave behind serious health threats such as viruses, protozoan, and other disease-causing pathogens.

Stinging

In the category of stinging pest, they include stinging insects ranging from bees, wasp to scorpions. These social insects either live in colonies or are ' lone rangers'. Their different lifestyles differ from each others.

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